Week 2: intro pp.vi-vii + nationality guide for your country + pp.1-29 Week 3: Sound p.30-40; phrasing p.54-58; Miracle p.65-66

Sound

Vowels: to be lazier

• For -ate, like “graduate”, as verb it is /ˈɡrædʒuˌeɪt/, but /ˈɡrædʒuɪt/ as noun or adjective
  • Adj: appropriate, associate, moderate
  • Noun: an estimate, duplicate, predicate
• “Methodologically,” pronounce as /kəl.i/ not “-koli”; in contrast to “methodological” as /-kl/

Consonants

Schwa /ə/

Only in unstressed syllables. Any vowel that is unstressed can become schwa.

E.g.,

• “ay” in chase but /ə/ in purchase;
• “ay” in trait but /ə/ in portrait;
• photograph and photography (notice that both “a” are unstressed but only the latter one becomes schwa)

Reduction

I could have → I could’ve (think of it as /could of/) → “coulda” /ə/ (informal)

Same for should’ve and would’ve

Should not have → “shouldna” /ən ə/

From /t/ to /d/

E.g., item, positive, photograph, potential